About Surgical Sperm Retrieval
Some men have no sperm in the ejaculate (azoospermia), yet sperm may still be produced in the testis. Surgical sperm retrieval collects sperm directly from the testis or epididymis so that they can be used for ICSI. This can allow couples to have a biological child even when the semen report shows no sperm.
Types of retrieval
- PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration): sperm are collected from the epididymis with a fine needle.
- TESA (testicular sperm aspiration): sperm are collected from the testis with a needle.
- TESE / micro-TESE: a small tissue sample is taken from the testis, and with micro-TESE a microscope helps locate the areas that produce sperm.
When is it advised
- Obstructive azoospermia, for example after infection, injury or previous surgery
- Absence of the vas deferens
- Non-obstructive azoospermia, where sperm production is very low
- Failed retrieval of sperm from a semen sample
Evaluation before the procedure
The doctor takes a detailed history, examines the patient, reviews semen reports and orders hormone tests, and where needed genetic tests. This helps identify the cause, predict the chance of finding sperm and choose the right technique. Your partner’s treatment cycle is planned so that eggs and sperm can be prepared together, or the sperm can be frozen for later.
After the procedure
Retrieval is usually done under anaesthesia and most patients go home the same day. Mild pain or swelling may occur and is managed with medicines. Sperm found are used immediately for ICSI or frozen for future cycles. Finding sperm is not always possible, and your doctor will discuss this possibility and alternatives, including donor sperm, in advance.
This information is educational and does not replace a medical consultation. Your doctor will plan care according to your own assessment. To plan a visit, book an appointment or contact our care team.