Female infertility: the basics
For a woman to conceive, an egg must be released, the fallopian tube must pick it up and carry it, sperm must reach and fertilise it, and the embryo must implant in a healthy uterus. A problem at any of these steps can cause delay. The good news is that many causes of female infertility can be found with straightforward tests and treated.
Main causes and how they are treated
Ovulation problems
Irregular or absent ovulation is often related to PCOS, thyroid disease, high prolactin or extreme weight change. Treatment focuses on the cause and may include lifestyle change and ovulation induction medicines. See our PCOS treatment page.
Tubal factor
Tubes can be blocked or damaged by infection or previous surgery. Depending on the findings, laparoscopic correction may be considered, or IVF may be advised.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis can cause painful periods and reduce fertility. Treatment may involve medicines, laparoscopic surgery and, when needed, assisted reproduction.
Uterine factors
Fibroids, polyps, adhesions or a septum can interfere with implantation. Many are treated with minimally invasive surgery; read about fibroids (rasoli).
Reduced ovarian reserve
Egg number and quality decline with age. A low AMH or antral follicle count signals reduced reserve, and treatment is usually time-sensitive. Egg freezing is discussed in our egg freezing page.
Tests commonly used
- Hormone profile: AMH, FSH, LH, TSH and prolactin, as advised
- Pelvic ultrasound with antral follicle count
- Tubal patency test where indicated
- Screening for infections, anaemia, diabetes and thyroid problems
When to seek help
See a specialist if periods are irregular or very painful, you have not conceived after 12 months (6 months if 35 or above), or you have a history of pelvic infection, previous ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.
Care at Sparsh
Dr. Deepa Seth, an infertility specialist and laparoscopic surgeon, evaluates women's fertility at Sparsh Mother & Child Hospital, Varanasi. Both partners are advised evaluation so that time is not lost. Visit the gynaecology department and IVF & Fertility department for related services.
हिंदी में संक्षेप
महिलाओं में बांझपन के मुख्य कारण PCOS, ट्यूब में रुकावट, एंडोमेट्रियोसिस, फाइब्रॉयड और अंडों की कमी हो सकते हैं। सही जांच के बाद दवा, लेप्रोस्कोपिक सर्जरी या IVF से इलाज किया जाता है।
Visit Sparsh in Chitaipur, Varanasi
Sparsh Mother & Child Hospital & IVF Fertility Center, Gokulpuram Colony, Chitaipur - Chunar Road, Kandwa, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221106. Open 24 hours. Call +91 80900 76144 or book an appointment online.
Frequently asked questions
What causes female infertility?
Can blocked fallopian tubes be treated?
What does a low AMH mean?
Are tests painful?
Can PCOS women get pregnant?
Ready to talk to a specialist?
Book a consultation and our team will confirm your appointment. Every plan is made after an individual examination.
Medical information is general and does not replace an examination. Outcomes vary between patients. For an emergency, use appropriate emergency services.
